Batman: The Animated Series

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Batman: The Animated Series
File:Bat tas cape.jpg
The animated Batman shoots his grappling gun from a rooftop in a scene from the episode "On Leather Wings".
StarringKevin Conroy
Loren Lester
Matt Valencia
Efrem Zimbalist Jr.
Clive Revill
Country of originUnited States
No. of episodes85
Production
Running time22 Minutes
Original release
NetworkFOX
ReleaseSeptember 5, 1992 –
September 16, 1995

Batman: The Animated Series is the name of an American animated television series adaptation of the comic book series featuring the DC Comics superhero, Batman. It is widely regarded by fans as the most iconic modern representation of the Batman character and mythology, and also as the best animated series based on a comic book. Although the title was simply referred to as Batman, with no on-screen title mention in the opening credits, the official title is Batman: The Animated Series, as clarified by Warner Bros.

The original episodes, produced by Bruce Timm and Eric Radomski, were first aired from 1992 to 1995. The show was called simply Batman: The Animated Series in the first season, which aired on weekday afternoons, and then was renamed The Adventures of Batman and Robin when the show moved to weekends to emphasize the crime fighting partnership of the characters and also to allow younger audiences to become more familiar with Robin who was featured in the then soon to be released film Batman Forever.

It should be noted that the title The Adventures of Batman and Robin was originally used in the 1969-70 animated series, created by Filmation and aired on CBS.

After a successful 85 episode run on Fox, new animated Batman episodes were created for Kids' WB! & also went on to air on YTV. Titled The New Batman Adventures, it aired from 1997 to 1999 with 24 episodes produced. They were aired as part of The New Batman/Superman Adventures. Rumor has it that the show was called Batman: Gotham Knights in the UK, but there has been no real confirmation of it, and no opening credit title was produced with that name. Only early production art for new episodes have that title. Reruns of The New Batman Adventures, on Cartoon Network for example, were mixed with episodes of Batman: The Animated Series using the same intro sequence.

Some of the creators have gone on record saying that The New Batman Adventures is truly an extension of Batman: The Animated Series. The producers have repeatedly stated and confirmed that the show does take place in the same world, continuity, etc, just a few years down the line. However, The New Batman Adventures episodes have significant enough differences that many fans consider them separate shows. The character designs underwent significant changes, going even further down the stylized path of the original episodes. This was in part due to a lower budget for the series; the new character models would be easier to animate well on the lower budget. Also there were some voice actor changes. Batgirl became a more important character and was no longer voiced by Melissa Gilbert.

Overview

File:BTAS joker.jpg
The Joker as he appeared in the series. His voice was provided by Mark Hamill.

The original series was partially inspired by Tim Burton's 1989 blockbuster Batman film, and initially took as its theme a variation of music written by Danny Elfman for the film. (Later episodes of the series used a new theme written in a similar style by Shirley Walker.) Another strong influence was the acclaimed Superman cartoons produced by Fleischer Studios in the 1940s. The series premiered in 1992, a few months after the successful release of the second Batman movie, Batman Returns. The art style of the original animated series was also partially a reaction against the realism seen in cartoons like The Real Ghostbusters, the second series in some ways was a further extension of that rejection of realism.

Timm and Radomski designed the series by emulating the Tim Burton films' "otherworldy timelessness", incorporating "old-time" features such as black-and-white title cards, police blimps, and a "vintage" color scheme, partially inspired by the Fleischer Studios Superman cartoons of the 1940s, as well as film noir. In their constant quest to make the show darker, the producers pushed the boundaries of action cartoons: it was the first such cartoon in years to depict firearms being fired, as well as Batman actually hitting and punching the bad guys; in addition, many of the series' backgrounds were painted on black paper. The distinctive visual combination of film noir imagery and Art Deco designs with a very dark color scheme was called "Dark Deco" by the producers. First-time producers Timm and Radomski reportedly encountered resistance from studio executives, but the success of Burton's first film allowed the embryonic series to survive long enough to produce a pilot episode, "On Leather Wings", which according to Timm "got a lot of people off our backs."

The series was the first of the modern "DC Animated Continuity" sometimes known as the "Diniverse" named after producer and writer Paul Dini (in some respects, an unfair label, as Dini is not the constant between all of the series of the DCAU; Bruce Timm is the constant, more accurately it is often referred to as the Timmverse). It was entirely separate from the previous continuity of Warner Bros. DC Comics adaptation cartoons, namely The Superfriends.

The Emmy Award-winning series quickly received wide acclaim for its distinctive animation and mature writing, and it instantly became a hit. Fans of a wide age range praised the show's sophisticated, cinematic tone and psychological stories. Voice-actor Kevin Conroy, for example, used two distinct voices to portray Bruce Wayne and Batman, as Michael Keaton had done in the films. This series also featured a supporting cast that included major actors performing the voices of the various classic villains, most notably Mark Hamill, who defined a whole new career for himself in animation with his cheerfully deranged portrayal of the Joker. The voice recording sessions were recorded with the actors together in a studio, like a radio play (in the majority of animated films, the principal voice actors record separately and never meet). This adds to the authenticity of the performance.

File:Juytht.jpg
Mr. Freeze, who was most famously redesigned for the series.

Key to the series' artistic success is that it managed to redefine classic characters, paying homage to their previous portrayals while giving them new dramatic force. Villains such as Two-Face and the Mad Hatter, as well as heroes like Robin, are proof of this. Also, the series gave new life to nearly forgotten characters like the Clock King. The best example of dramatic change is Mr. Freeze; Batman: TAS turned him from a clichéd mad scientist with a gimmick for cold, to a tragic figure whose frigid exterior hides a doomed love and a cold vindictive fury. Part of the tragedy is mimicked later in the plot of the live movie Batman and Robin, although not as serious and with serious resurrection of the mad scientist image. The most famous of the series' innovations is the Joker's hapless assistant, Harley Quinn, who became so popular that DC added her to the mainstream Batman comics.

This series became a cornerstone of the Warner Brothers' animation department, which became one of the top producers of television animation and sparked a large franchise of similar TV adaptations of DC Comics characters.

Characters

File:Grey ghost.jpg
The Gray Ghost from the episode of a similar name, "Beware the Gray Ghost". Adam West provided the voice for a washed-up superhero serial actor who finds himself needed once more.

New villains like Red Claw and the Sewer King were invented for the series, but to little acclaim. From the episode "Tyger, Tyger" another character named Tygrus is created, which story was probably inspired by the H.G. Wells novel The Island of Dr. Moreau and William Blake's Poem The Tyger. Far more successful was the introduction of Harley Quinn, the Joker's sidekick, and to a lesser extent, Officer/Detective Renee Montoya and the sociopathic vigilante Lock-Up, all of whom became characters in the comics. A new character called Baby Doll was also well received. In addition, Mr. Freeze was revised to emulate the series' tragic story. Clayface was reinvented, revised to be much more similar to the 1960s shape-changing version of the character. In two episodes, Batman faces Kyodai Ken (whose name means "Giant Fist" in Japanese), a ninja whose abilities match his own. The Phantasm and general storyline for the movie Mask Of The Phantasm were modified from the Mike Barr-penned story "Batman: Year Two," which ran in Detective Comics #575-578 in the late 1980s; the villain in the comics was named The Reaper. Some characters like Count Vertigo and the Clock King were modified in costume and personality.

Batman

Although the version of Batman who appears in this show (and by extension the other series / comic books in the DC Animated Universe) is based on and similar to the character as he appears in the mainstream DC comic book universe (including the same origin and background), the character possessed a different personal history and continuity to his comic book counterpart. As in the comic book series, however, Batman is the superhero identity adopted by millionaire industrialist and playboy Bruce Wayne, who became Batman following the brutal murder of his parents when he was just a child. In this series (and the other series in the Animated Universe), Batman / Bruce Wayne was voiced by Kevin Conroy.

Supporting characters

(in order of appearance)

  • Alfred Pennyworth: Bruce Wayne's butler and Batman's assistant. Alfred was voiced by Clive Revill and Efrem Zimbalist Jr.
  • James Gordon: Police commissioner of Gotham City and a staunch ally of Batman. Voiced by Bob Hastings.
  • Harvey Bullock: A detective on the Gotham police department, Bullock is distrustful and resentful towards Batman. Voiced by Robert Constanzo.
  • Summer Gleeson: A cheerful TV news reporter who often found herself in the middle of the action. Voiced by Mari Devon.
  • Hamilton Hill: The mayor of Gotham City. Voiced by Lloyd Bochner.
  • Renee Montoya: A police officer (later detective) of supported Batman on several occasion. Usually voiced by Ingrid Oliu, but sometimes voiced by Liane Schirmer.
  • Robin (I): Dick Grayson was a child gymnast in a circus orphaned when his parents were murdered by a local crime boss, and who was adopted and trained by Bruce Wayne. In later series, he became Nightwing, leading to the introduction of a second Robin. Voiced by Loren Lester.
  • Batgirl: Daughter of Commissioner Gordon, Barbara initially adopted the identity of Batgirl to help her father. Voiced by both Melissa Gilbert and Mary Kay Bergman, and then by Tara Strong in The New Batman Adventures.
  • Gray Ghost: An actor who, having portrayed the 'Gray Ghost' (a childhood idol of Bruce Wayne) on a popular television series, was now forgotten until a series of copy-cat crimes prompted by an episode of his old show prompt Batman to seek out his help. Was portrayed by Adam West who played Batman in the 1960s.
  • Leslie Thompkins: Bruce/Batman's doctor and personal friend. Voiced by Diana Muldaur.
  • Zatanna: Daughter of the great magician Zatara who followed in her father's footsteps and also became a stage magician. She had a crush on Bruce Wayne, when he worked under the alias of John Smith, in her youth. Voiced by Julie Brown.
  • Jonah Hex: A bounty hunter who lived in the 1800's and was seen in one flashback episode. Voiced by William McKinney.
  • Robin (II): The animated version of Tim Drake was based on both his comic version and Jason Todd, the second Robin in DC Comics continuity. The son of a small-time criminal killed by Two-Face, Drake was brought under Bruce Wayne's wing and trained to become the new Robin when Dick Grayson became Nightwing. Voiced by Mathew Valencia.
  • Etrigan, the demon: Jason Blood was a man in King Arthur's court who had the demon Etrigan bound to his body by Merlin, making him immortal. Jason, already a capable sorceror, transforms into the Demon to fight evil. Voiced by Billy Zane.
  • The Creeper: A news reporter in The New Batman Adventures who was turned into a wacky superhero, the Creeper, after an accident involving the Joker. Voiced by Jeff Bennett.
  • Superman: The star of Superman: The Animated Series who is the last survivor of the planet Krypton, based in the city of Metropolis. Voiced by Tim Daly.
  • Lois Lane: A tough and cynical news reporter from Superman: The Animated Series who dated Bruce Wayne once. Bruce once noted that she seemed to like Superman and Bruce Wayne, but not Clark Kent or Batman. Voiced by Dana Delaney.
  • Supergirl: Superman's crime-fighting partner from Superman: The Animated Series who worked with Batgirl in a crossover episode of The New Batman Adventures. Voiced by Nicholle Tom.

Villains

Although a full outline of the (many) villains to appear on the show is not feasible, brief outlines of the most significant or frequently recurring appear below.

  • Man-Bat: Scientist Kirk Langstrom, a Zoologist at the Gotham City Zoo, tested bat mutigene experiments on himself and turned into a monstrous human-bat hybrid. Later, his wife is accidentally exposed to the "Man-Bat serum" and unknowlingly takes her husband's place as the new Man-Bat. Both are eventually cured of the serum's side effect and do not become Man-Bat again.
  • Scarecrow: An insane criminal that uses fear toxins to seek vengeance on the Gotham University, commit crimes and experiment over people. Scarecrow had two different masks in the first series. The original was more Scarecrow-like, but it was presumably burned in a fire on the show. Later, a more witch-like mask was used by the Scarecrow, for the remainder of the series. Voiced by Henry Polic II in the first series, and by Jeffrey Combs in The New Batman Adventures.
  • Joker: By far Batman's most recognizable and well-known villain, Batman's arch-nemesis was memorably portrayed as a ruthless, sociopathic clown with a curiously whimsical streak. Voiced by Mark Hamill, and frequently praised by fans as the interpretation of the character closest to the original as portrayed in the comic books. He has the record for appearing, out of all the villains, the most times on the show. It has been revealed that Joker has a begrudging respect for Batman; in the episode The Man Who Killed Batman, he is shown “grieving” over his nemesis's apparent demise, saying, “it was the Batman who made me the happy soul I am today.”
  • Poison Ivy: Pamela Isley, a botanist terrorist with power over plants and toxins. Voiced by Diane Pershing.
  • Catwoman: Selina Kyle, a high-society cat-burglar.A great deal of romantic tension existed between her and Batman. Voiced by Adrienne Barbeau.
  • Two-Face: Formerly Harvey Dent, the Gotham District Attorney and became Two-Face after an accident, a split personality criminal that relies on the flip of a coin to make decisions. Voiced by Richard Moll.
  • Rupert Thorne: A ruthless gangster and mob-boss who dominated Gotham City's criminal underworld. Voiced by John Vernon.
    • Candace: Rupert Thorne's beautiful secretary who appears in a few episodes. Voiced by Diane Michelle.
  • The Penguin: A man bearing resemblance to a penguin, that commits crimes reflecting his perceived elegance. Initially designed to mirror Danny De Vito's portrayal of the character. Voiced by Paul Williams.
  • Mr. Freeze: A criminal scientist forced to live in a cryogenic suit following a tragic accident which cost his wife's life, or so he thought. Voiced by Michael Ansara.
  • The Mad Hatter- A technological expert who is obsessed with Alice in Wonderland and started dressing like the Mad Hatter after being rejected by a girl he loved. He used his mind control technology to commit crimes and was voiced by the late Roddy McDowell.
  • Harley Quinn: An Arkham psychiatrist that became the Joker's henchwoman and sidekick. She later becomes best friends with Poison Ivy and occasionally works with her as well as the Joker. Was introduced in the animated series, and proved so popular she was added to the mainstream comic line-up. Voiced by Arleen Sorkin.
  • The Riddler: Uses puzzles, riddles and tricks in his various crimes, designed to outwit and trap both the police and Batman. Voiced by John Glover.
  • Clayface: A vain actor who was turned into a massive, shape-shifting creature after being overdosed with a special face cream created by Roland Daggett's industry. Voiced by Ron Perlman.
  • Roland Daggett: A criminal businessman who is always scheming for more money and power. His face cream led to the creation of Clayface.Voiced by Edward Asner.
  • Killer Croc: A man with a rare condition that has given him powerful, reptilian skin. He is also quite strong and was a former wrestler. Played by Aron Kincaid in the original series and Brooks Gardner in The New Batman Adventures.
  • Dr. Milo: A mad scientist with a vendetta against Batman. Voiced by Treat Williams.
  • Kyodai-Ken: A ninja who has hated Bruce Wayne ever since they trained together under the wise Yoru-Sensei in Japan, and he eventually discovered Batman's secret identity. Voiced by Robert Ito.
  • Talia al Ghul
  • Ra's Al Ghul
  • The Ventriloquist
  • Bane
  • Lock-Up (comics)
  • Baby Doll
  • Sidney "Sid the Squid" Debris: A low-level stumblebum who garnered respect as, “The Man Who Nearly Offed The Bat.”

Banned character

Only one of Batman's major villains never made an appearance on the show while it aired on FOX. The character Firefly, a pyromaniac in the comics, did not appear until after the series restarted as The New Batman Adventures on the WB network. It was revealed by the producers in an article about the new series in an issue of Wizard Magazine that the reason for this was that the FOX network had forbidden them from using any villains or other characters who were pyromaniacs or otherwise used fire as a weapon. This statement is somewhat suspect due to the Roland Daggett's use of an arsonist, albeit a common one, in the first season episode "Appointment in Crime Alley". Some fans speculate that this "forbidden fruit" aspect of the character is what earned him the role as the main antagonist in the episode "Legends of the Dark Knight", a tribute episode to both Dick Sprang and Frank Miller. [citation needed]

Batman's tools such as the utility belt, grappling hook, and Batmobile were redesigned for the series; they have been previously redesigned numerous times over the course of Batman's comic book series as well as for various movie and TV incarnations of Batman. The grapple-launcher, notably, was introduced in the 1989 Tim Burton Batman movie, and became an important aspect of the animated character.

Episodes

See: List of episodes of Batman: The Animated Series

Certain episodes have become legendary in some fan circles. The most universally hailed episode is the Emmy-award winning "Heart of Ice", which is most well known for reinventing the character of Mr. Freeze, changing him from a comedic cold-themed villain to a serious, tragic character with a sympathetic backstory. "Robin's Reckoning (Pt. 1)" won an Emmy for Most Outstanding Half Hour or Less Program beating out cartoon powerhouse The Simpsons and is seen as one of the most mature and iconic Robin origin stories. Other episodes to achieve high recognition are "Joker's Favor", which marks the first appearance of fan favorite Harley Quinn; "Two Face", for its dark, serious, and respectful reinvention of a character that had been somewhat regarded by producers as too gruesome for television; "Mad as a Hatter", in which The Mad Hatter is portrayed as the most human and emotionally fragile of Batman villains, instead of a gimmicked weirdo; House and Garden, showing a sad human side to Poison Ivy; the two-parter, "Shadow of the Bat", which introduced Barbara Gordon as Batgirl; Harley & Ivy, the debut of the fan-favorite duo; and "Beware The Gray Ghost", well known for its casting of Adam West as a has-been actor, who became typecast as a superhero part he played in his youth. The fan favorite episodes "Almost Got 'Im" , "Perchance To Dream" and "POV" are also well known for their unique storytelling approach and plot twists at the end.

Lost episode

Sixteen minutes of animated segments in the video game The Adventures of Batman and Robin for the Sega CD are sometimes referred to as a "lost episode" of the series. It has been made available on the web at Toonami Digital Arsenal. These segments are intended to be interspersed between gameplay elements of an early-1990's video game and as such, the sound, color and story are not of the same quality of the actual television program. Three similar cutscenes appear throughout the video games Batman: Rise of Sin Tzu and Batman Vengeance.

Theatrical and direct-to-video releases

The feature-length animated movie Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (1993), based off the animated series, started production as a direct-to-video release, but was changed to be a theatrical release near the end of production. The film was well-received by fans of the series, but only generated mediocre box office revenue. Some attributed this to limited last-minute marketing, but the series later had good video sales (and later DVD sales) and eventually turned a profit. There was also one direct-to-video movie based on the series: Batman & Mr. Freeze: SubZero which was completed in 1997 and released in 1998. Movies based on related series include Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (2000) based on Batman Beyond, and Mystery of the Batwoman (2003) based on The New Batman Adventures. A made-for-TV feature-length episode of the Batman/Superman series, "World's Finest", has been released on video as The Batman/Superman Movie. Collections of episodes from the series are also readily available on video. Recently, four part DVD collections have been released in America and the UK, the latest collection contains the first series of The New Batman Adventures, and is available in America. The UK currently has the collection of the first series of Batman: The Animated Series on DVD, and is exclusive to HMV.

Cast

Main cast

Actor Role
Kevin Conroy Batman | Bruce Wayne
Loren Lester Robin | Nightwing | Richard 'Dick' Grayson
Eli Marienthal Robin | Timothy 'Tim' Drake ("Mystery of the Batwoman")
Mathew Valencia Robin | Timothy 'Tim' Drake (The New Batman Adventures)
Efrem Zimbalist Jr. Alfred Pennyworth
Clive Revill Alfred Pennyworth ("On Leather Wings, Christmas with the Joker," and "Nothing to Fear")

Supporting cast

Recurring villains

Notable guest stars

Broadcasting

Batman: The Animated Series premiered on the Fox Network and aired there for its first several seasons; however, it was then switched to Warner Bros.' new WB Network in the late-1990s. Shortly before the transition, Fox aired episodes of the series in prime-time on Sunday evenings, marking one of the few times a show created initially for Saturday morning cartoons was scheduled for prime-time broadcast. However, the TV ratings were poor (the show aired opposite the perennial favorite 60 Minutes), and the series was removed from prime time.

After the series produced its 65th episode (the minimum number necessary for a TV series to be successfully syndicated), the show's popularity encouraged Warner Bros. to produce further episodes, furthering the animated adventures of the Caped Crusader. The series reached 85 episodes before finishing its run. Many of the creators went on to design and produce Superman: The Animated Series for Kids'WB!. In the late 1990s a new series based on Batman: The Animated Series was started called The New Batman Adventures which aired in an hour-long Batman/Superman show. The shows was not nearly as well received as the original Batman: The Animated Series due to a significantly lower animation budget which resulted in a far more stylized look, each individual episode just having background music mixed rather than being scored, and a more comedic approach to the storylines in general. In 1999, a new spin-off series, Batman Beyond, was released to further critical acclaim. In 2002, the Justice League animated series was released, building on the success of both the Batman and Superman animated series, and featured Batman as one of the founders of the League. Also of note is the fact that several of the animators from Japanese animation studio Sunrise worked on the series - their work on Batman would become a great influence on one of their later series, Big O.

Home video release and DVDs

Selected episodes were released on VHS and Laserdisc throughout the 1990s, and on DVD in the early 2000s.

On July 6, 2004, Warner Brothers Home Video released Volume One of Batman: The Animated Series on DVD, consisting of 28 episodes on 4 discs. Volume Two was released on January 25, 2005. Volume Three, containing 29 episodes (incorrectly listed by packaging as 28) was released May 24, 2005 to complete the collection of the initial series. Volume Four (featuring The New Batman Adventures) was released on December 6th, 2005. They were released as "volumes" rather than "seasons" because the episodes were not aired in production order.

Batman: The Animated Series in other media

The television series was accompanied by a tie-in comic book, The Batman Adventures, which followed the art style and continuity of the television series instead of other Batman comic books. The Batman Adventures, through several format changes to reflect the changing world of the series and its spin-offs, outlasted the series itself by nearly a decade, finally being cancelled in 2004 to make way for the tie-in comic of a new, unrelated Batman animated series, The Batman.

There was also a short-lived series of tie-in novels, adapted from episodes of the series by science fiction author Geary Gravel. To achieve novel-length, Gravel combined several related episodes into a single storyline in each novel. The novels included:

  • Shadows of the Past ("Appointment in Crime Alley", "Robin's Reckoning" two-parter)
  • Dual to the Death ("Two-Face" two-parter, "Shadow of the Bat" two-parter)
  • The Dragon and the Bat
  • Mask of the Phantasm (Batman: Mask of the Phantasm movie)

Several videogames based on the animated continuity were released during the 16-bit game-machine era (roughly, that era spans from 1989-1996). Konami developed a game for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), while SEGA released two versions of the game for the Genesis (North America Name)/MegaDrive (Europe, Asia Name) and Sega/Mega CD. The SNES and Genesis versions were side-scrolling action games, while Sega's CD version featured a 3-D driving adventure. All of the games had art true to the series, while Sega's versions featured art elements directly from the show's creators [2]. The CD version has over 20 minutes of original animated footage comparable to the most well crafted episodes, with the principle voice actors reprising their roles. The critical reception of these games were varied but above average. Batman Vengeance was released for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, and Xbox in 2001, based on the Gotham Knights episodes and reuniting much of the cast.

Influence

This series had a profound influence on the superhero animated genre in that it set a higher standard of writing and animation quality. For example, the original television series adaptation of X-Men which premiered a few months after Batman featured animation that was typical of the artistic standards in superhero animated series. However, several years after Batman became a major television success, another series, X-Men: Evolution was produced, which emulated the Warner Brothers cartoon's simplified graphics style (the cartoon was also produced by Warner Brothers). In addition, the success of Batman encouraged Walt Disney Pictures management to proceed with their own series, Gargoyles, which strove for the same sophistication as the competition and became a cult favorite in its own right.

Additionally, B:TAS was one of the first truly "serious" American ongoing cartoons in some time. Prior to that, most animated fare had been lighthearted and bright, even if it was action oriented. B:TAS brought a darkness and seriousness to animation that was almost unheard of at the time, and was more akin to an animated drama than a "cartoon", per se. The storylines dealt with more mature themes, there was no slapstick, although some episodes were touched with sophisticated humor, and the soundtrack itself was more akin to a film soundtrack (owing in part, no doubt, to the desire to make it have a similar feel to the Danny Elfman score of the two Burton films). The animation quality itself tended to be much smoother, with a higher framerate than the vast majority of animated series prior to its premiere.

References

  • Dini, P. and Kidd, K. Batman Animated, Perennial Currents, 1999. ISBN 006107327X

See also

Batman animated series toys

Wikiquote has quotations related to Batman: The Animated Series.
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